The effects of malnutrition on blood glucose levels cannot be fully compensated for by any medication used to treat type 2 diabetes.Proper nutrition is an important part of effectively managing type 2 diabetes and will help you meet your blood sugar goals.
Nutritional approaches will vary in people with type 2 diabetes who are or are not overweight, arterial hypertension, etc.
The vast majority of overweight people have type 2 diabetes. Being overweight prevents one's own insulin from working effectively, which is why blood sugar levels stay high.Therefore, weight loss is an essential condition for reasonable treatment!Even modest weight loss (5-10%) improves carbohydrate metabolism, especially early in the disease.
How to achieve weight loss?
It should be noted right away that there are no specific weight loss products or medicinal plants. Currently, there are no medications that alone provide highly effective and completely safe weight loss without dieting.
The only sure way is to limit energy intake in the body.(expressed in calories), i. e. follow the ruleslow calorie foodThe resulting energy deficit causes the energy reserves "conserved" in adipose tissue to be used for the various needs of the body, and weight loss is guaranteed.
The energy carrier in food is its three components:protein, fat and carbohydrates. Among them, the highest calorie is fat, which contains 9 calories per 1 gram; protein and carbohydrates - 4 calories per 1 gram.
The most effective way to reduce the calorie content of your diet is to reduce its fat content. Not only is this safe, but it also works for modern humans, since unfortunately our diets are too high in fat. The caloric content of protein and carbohydrates is considered moderate relative to fat, but it still needs to be limited a little to achieve good weight loss.
There are some products that don't require restrictions when it comes to weight loss. Instead, it is these products that can compensate for the above-mentioned limitations and supplement the reduced food volume. This kind of food is mainly based on vegetables, which has poor nutritional content but more water.plant fibresThose are not digested. Plant fiber brings many benefits to the body: it improves intestinal function, helps the absorption of vitamins, and has a beneficial effect on fat metabolism, etc.
In order to lose weight, three groups of products need to be consumed in different ways.Looking at these groups, you will definitely associate with traffic lights.
maximum limit
High-calorie foods: Rich in fat, alcohol, sugar, and sweets
example:Any oil, lard, sour cream, mayonnaise; cream, fatty cheeses and cheeses; oily fish, poultry skins, canned meats; fish and vegetables in oil; fatty meats, bacon, sausages; sugar, sweet drinks, honey, jams, jams, candies, cakes, biscuits, chocolate, ice cream, nuts, seeds, alcoholic beverages.
Moderately restrictive (eat half of usual portion before)
Moderate-calorie products: Proteins, starches, dairy products, fruits and berries.
example:Milk and yogurt products with normal fat content or low-fat/skim, cheese with less than 30% fat, cottage cheese with less than 4% fat, eggs, lean meats, fish, pasta, bread and lean baked goods, cereals; fruit, potatoes, corn, ripe peas and beans.
Unrestricted use
Low-calorie foods: Vegetables (excluding potatoes, corn, ripe peas, and beans) and low-calorie drinks.
example:Radishes, radishes, beets, carrots, mushrooms, cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, zucchini, eggplants, pods, green peas, lettuce, greens, spinach, sorrel, any cabbage; tea, coffee without sugar and cream, mineral water.
Is it possible to stay on a low-calorie diet without counting calories?
This is quite possible if you follow the above product selection principles. Also, experts have long recognized that what matters is not how many calories a person needs to consume (which is difficult to specify exactly for each individual), but how many calories a person actually loses!
An indicator of correct adherence to the principles of low-calorie nutrition is the result: weight loss! If there is no weight loss, this indicates that the calorie reduction in the diet has not been significantly reduced.
How do different carbohydrates affect blood sugar levels?
Carbohydrates are the only nutrient that directly raises blood sugar, but that's not a reason to drastically limit them.
Carbohydrates should be adequate (at least 50 percent of total calories) in anyone's diet, including those with diabetes, because they are the body's source of energy. Additionally, different carbohydrates have different effects on blood sugar levels.
HavesimpleCarbohydrates (they are called sugars), which are easily digested because they consist of small molecules and are quickly absorbed by the digestive tract (after 10 minutes). They immediately and very strongly increase the glucose levels in the blood. Sugar, honey is made from these carbohydrates, many of which are found in fruit juices (which are also found in natural fruits, but the carbohydrates are not absorbed as quickly due to the presence of fiber), beer. This carbohydrate is also found in liquid dairy products, but due to the high fat content, the carbohydrates are not absorbed as quickly.
another carbohydratecomplicated(starches), they also raise blood sugar levels, just not as quickly and as much as simple carbohydrates. Representatives of such products: bread, cereal, pasta, potatoes, corn. Starch molecules are large, and the body has to work hard to absorb it. As a result, glucose formed from the breakdown of starch is absorbed more slowly (after about 30 minutes), increasing its level in the blood to a lesser extent.
Culinary processing of starchy foods (any grinding, prolonged heat exposure) can cause blood sugar levels to rise. This means that the strong spike in blood sugar when consuming starches can be prevented by using certain processing and cooking methods. For example, instead of cooking potatoes in mashed form, it is more correct to boil them whole with their skins on so that they remain dense. It is also best not to cook porridge for too long. It is best cooked with uncrushed large grains (buckwheat, rice).
Foods rich in plant fiber can prevent blood sugar levels from rising. Therefore, it is better to buy grain or bran bread than fine flour. Fruits and berries should be eaten in their natural form, not in juice form.
There are these types of carbohydrate products −"free", after which the glucose level in the blood does not rise or rises slightly. These products include normal quantities of almost all types of vegetables (except potatoes). Examples include cabbage, lettuce, parsley, dill, turnips, radishes, zucchini, eggplant, squash, peppers, and more. Of the products in this group, beets and carrots had the most carbohydrates, but the spike in blood sugar afterward was not as great. Therefore, it is also negligible if eaten in moderation (as a side dish, no more than 200 grams).
Do I need to count carbs?
People with type 2 diabetes who are taking oral hypoglycemic drugs or who are just dieting do not need to accurately count the amount of carbohydrates in their food. Many diabetics have heard of so-called bread units. For those who receive insulin, such a calculation system exists. It allows you to relate the amount of carbohydrates consumed to the dose of short-acting insulin injected before meals in these diabetics.
Special "diabetic" products
Sweeteners can make food taste sweeter without raising blood sugar levels or adding weight. But in this case, we're only talking calorie-free sugar substitutes. These include aspartame, saccharin, cyclamate, acesulfame potassium, sucralose, stevioside. They do not affect blood sugar levels and body weight at all. However, most "diabetic" foods (cookies, chocolate, waffles) instead of sugar contain sorbitol, xylitol, or fructose, which are almost as high in calories as sugar. Therefore, when overweight, it must be limited as much as possible, like ordinary candy.
part diet
Portion mode means multiple meals throughout the day (5-6, but still no more than 2. 5-3 hours later). This is useful because you may feel hungry while following a low-calorie diet. Eating more will help reduce it. In addition, a small amount of food contains a small amount of carbohydrates, which is good for the work of the pancreas.
Alcohol
Due to its high calorie content (7 kcal per 1 gram), alcohol can cause weight gain. In addition, it directly worsens fat metabolism and blood pressure indicators. So limit your alcohol intake as much as possible.
Alcohol is known to have adverse effects on the liver. If a diabetic takes hypoglycemic drugs and insulin, hypoglycemia may result. Never drink on an empty stomach!